Human Rights 

This chapter analyzes two critical issues that affect the exercise and enjoyment of children and adolescents’ human rights, who are under the care of the State, either in protection residences or in detention centers.

In the review of the first of these nodes, related to over institutionalization, we show that there are still high rates of admission and long periods of permanence under residential care and in ways of deprivation of liberty due to conflicts with the law, despite commitments and existing standards in the matter. Regarding the second critical node, we suggest that they receive inadequate care in which various factors affect such as – the large size of the centers, the problems that fall on the staff, isolation, and uprooting, as well as the infrastructure and depersonalizing conditions that many of these enclosures own. The opportunities and challenges that recent changes in the child and adolescent protection system entail are analyzed around two major nodes.